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Approche psychosociale de la structuration des perspectives temporelles en contexte d'incertitude d'emploi : le cas des intermittents du spectacle.
Beder, A. (2017)
Thèse présentée et soutenue par Aude Beder (2017, 26 Septembre)
Publié le 28 février 2013 – Mis à jour le 21 novembre 2023
Co-direction : A. Le Blanc et J.L. Mégemont
Résumé
La présente recherche s’inscrit dans un contexte d’emploi particulier, celui de l’intermittence du spectacle qui est un mode d’affiliation spécifique au régime de l’assurance-chômage. Si, au départ, ce régime est avantageux dans la mesure où il s’adapte à des métiers qui ne permettent pas de travailler de manière continue par la compensation, sous forme d’indemnités-chômage, des aléas de la vie professionnelle, les réformes successives, dont il a fait l’objet, et notamment le protocole de 2003, ont profondément modifié les règles qui prévalaient jusqu’alors en matière de gestion temporelle de l’emploi et de l’activité de travail pour les techniciens et les artistes du spectacle, introduisant un principe de « double incertitude ».L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la production des connaissances sur la manière dont se construisent les Perspectives Temporelles dans des contextes socio-professionnels marqués par une forte instabilité et une incertitude accrue, en appréhendant le rôle des processus comparatifs mis en œuvre par les individus dans le sens qu’ils accordent à leurs expériences.Nous avons rencontrés 20 intermittents du spectacle, dont 10 techniciens du spectacle (annexe 8) et 10 artistes (annexe 10). Selon une approche essentiellement qualitative (Delory-Momberger, 2013), nous avons effectué des entretiens semi-directifs de type « récits de vie » (Bertaux, 1984). Les données recueillies ont fait l’objet d’une double analyse lexicométrique et phénoménologique. Nos résultats montrent que la relation existant entre les modalités d’inscription dans une situation plus ou moins précarisée et la construction des perspectives temporelles est médiatisée par des processus de comparaison sociale mis en œuvre par les individus dans leurs différentes sphères de vie et dont l’issue va contribuer à l’orientation (ou à la réorientation) de ces perspectives temporelles et au vécu de cette situation.
This research deals with a particular context of employment: occasional work in the entertainment industry, which is a mode of affiliation which is specific to the system of unemployment insurance. At first, this system was advantageous, insofar as it was compatible with jobs which cannot provide continuous work - thanks to the compensation of the hazards of work life through unemployment indemnities. However, the succeeding reforms - especially the 2003 protocol – deeply changed the regulations which had up to then prevailed in the time management of jobs and professional activities for technicians and artists in the entertainment industry, by initiating a principle of « double uncertainty ».The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to widen the knowledge about the way Temporal Perspectives develop in socio-professional contexts amid which heavy instability and increased uncertainty occur. In order to do so, this paper attempts to grasp the role of the comparative processes carried out by individuals in the meaning they attribute to their life experiences.We have met with 20 occasional entertainment workers, among whom 10 entertainment technicians (appendix 8) and 10 artists (appendix 10). Following a thoroughly qualitative approach (Delory-Momberger, 2013), we have carried out semi-guiding interviews in form of « life narratives » (Bertaux, 1884). The data gathered was submitted to a double analysis: lexicometric and phenomenological.The results show that the connection found between the ways individuals join into a situation more or less unsecured and the creation of temporal perspectives is mediated through social comparison processes carried out by individuals in the different spheres of their lives. Subsequently, the outcome of these processes will help direct (or redirect) these temporal perspectives and contribute to their life experience.
This research deals with a particular context of employment: occasional work in the entertainment industry, which is a mode of affiliation which is specific to the system of unemployment insurance. At first, this system was advantageous, insofar as it was compatible with jobs which cannot provide continuous work - thanks to the compensation of the hazards of work life through unemployment indemnities. However, the succeeding reforms - especially the 2003 protocol – deeply changed the regulations which had up to then prevailed in the time management of jobs and professional activities for technicians and artists in the entertainment industry, by initiating a principle of « double uncertainty ».The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to widen the knowledge about the way Temporal Perspectives develop in socio-professional contexts amid which heavy instability and increased uncertainty occur. In order to do so, this paper attempts to grasp the role of the comparative processes carried out by individuals in the meaning they attribute to their life experiences.We have met with 20 occasional entertainment workers, among whom 10 entertainment technicians (appendix 8) and 10 artists (appendix 10). Following a thoroughly qualitative approach (Delory-Momberger, 2013), we have carried out semi-guiding interviews in form of « life narratives » (Bertaux, 1884). The data gathered was submitted to a double analysis: lexicometric and phenomenological.The results show that the connection found between the ways individuals join into a situation more or less unsecured and the creation of temporal perspectives is mediated through social comparison processes carried out by individuals in the different spheres of their lives. Subsequently, the outcome of these processes will help direct (or redirect) these temporal perspectives and contribute to their life experience.